News Briefs

 

Farrakhan Can Visit England, British Court Rules 7/31/01

Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan has won his British High Court battle for the right to visit the United Kingdom. The controversial Farrakhan has been excluded from Britain since 1986.

According to the BBC, Mr Justice Turner, sitting in the High Court in London, ruled on Tuesday, July 31, that the ban against Farrakhan must be quashed. Farrakhan, 67, will not be able to come to the UK until after the judge outlines his reasons for his decision on October 1. 


The government is deciding whether to appeal against the ruling which overturns a ban imposed by successive home secretaries   Farrakhan challenged last November's decision by the then Home Secretary Jack Straw to maintain the ban against his visit to England.  In November Straw justified upholding the ban imposed on the grounds that Farrakhan had expressed "anti-Semitic and racially divisive views".  Turner's ruling comes in the wake of some of Britain's worst race riots in two decades. Tensions between Asians and whites have boiled over into repeated bouts of violence in towns across northern England, with hundreds of rioters and law enforcement injured in the melees.

Lawyers for Farrakhan argued that the ban was unlawful in interfering with the leader's right to speak with his English supporters about spiritual values for the black community.
They also said the ban was contrary to the Human Rights Act and the common law.  The judge had been told at the hearing earlier this month by Nicholas Blake, Farrakhan's lawyer, that the activist had "moved on" and was now a prominent spiritual, religious and social leader who was seen as a significant spokesman for the U.S. black community. Blake  said Farrakhan particularly regretted the offence and hurt he had caused the Jewish community. Farrakhan has been accused of anti-Semitism for frequent criticism of U.S. Jews.

Home Office minister Beverley Hughes said the government was "very disappointed" by the ruling and would be considering an appeal.  "We believe that it is the home secretary's right to defend the social cohesion and racial harmony of this country," she said.  David Liddington, shadow home affairs spokesman, shared the government's dismay.  "I find it extraordinary that the judge is not prepared to give his reasons for his decision for a further two months," he said.

But not all are disappointed with the ruling.  Hilary Muhammad, UK spokesman for the Nation of Islam has welcomed the ruling.  "Now the citizens of UK will have a chance in the near future to see, hear and judge the honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan for themselves," he said.

Muhammad, who was at the High Court on Thursday for the decision, said that Muslims were grateful that their leader would be able to come to the UK to offer guidance.
And Sadiq Khan, the solicitor representing the Nation of Islam, described the judge's decision as "very brave and sensible".  Khan said, "there was no evidence at all that any of his other trips to countries around the world, including Israel .... had led to any problems whatsoever."   According to Khan, Farrakhan had promised the British consulate in Chicago as well as the Canadian and Australian governments that he would respect and obey domestic laws and not do anything to damage race relations.

But the Director of the Board of Deputies of British Jews, Neville Nagler, was among those who condemned the decision.  Nagler told BBC News Online: "We remain concerned that his presence in this country, with his message of racial segregation, will in the current climate do more harm than good to race relations."  

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Neo-Nazi Murderer Hendrick Moebus Extradited to Germany from US 7/30/01

A convicted neo-Nazi murderer who fled Germany after violating parole was back
in a German prison Sunday after the United States rejected his application for political asylum and completed his extradition, according to the AP. 

Hendrik Moebus was met at Frankfurt, Germany, airport by four police officers and taken to Suhl prison in the eastern state of Thuringia, said Andreas Karmrodt, a spokesman for the state interior ministry.

The 25-year-Moebus old was convicted along with two others in 1994 for strangling a 15-year-old boy the year before because he wasn't "Aryan." The murder of Sandro Beyer became particularly notorious in Germany because of the killers' enthusiasm for horror films and occult rituals.

Moebus was sentenced to eight years of youth custody, but released in 1998 in the hope he had put his past behind him. He fled to the United States in December, 1999  after learning he would be re-arrested for violating parole.

In an attempt to stave off deportation, he asked for asylum, arguing the German government would persecute him for his political views and challenged his conviction for additional crimes while on parole.

German courts found Mobus guilty of disrespect for the dead and displaying Nazi symbols - actions he contended later were "merely an exercise of free speech," even though they are illegal in Germany.

 Moebus arrived in June, 2000 at the West Virgina compound of National Alliance leader William Pierce, who helped him draft Moebus'  asylum application. Federal marshals
 arrested Moebus a few weeks later when he ventured out to a local restaurant.  Pierce was not charged with any crimes for his shelter of Moebus.

Moebus faces a further three years in prison in Germany.

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Two Sheriff's Deputies Die in Shooting at "Survivalist" Cabin Near Oroville CA 7/30/01

Two sheriff's deputies from Butte County, Calfornia were found dead on Thursday, July 26 in the cabin of a "survivalist."  The "survivalist" was also found dead.

After responding to a call of shots fired near the Inskip Inn, the bodies of sheriff's deputy William R. Hunter and Lt. Larry B. Estes  were found in the cabin along with the body of the person who lived in the cabin, Richard G. Bracklow.  The deputies were called by the inn's owner, Bob Duffy, after the suspect threatened him and may have had fired at him.  .Other deputies who reached the scene about 7:45 p.m. described the suspect's cabin as looking like a fortress with barred windows and padlocked doors.

According to Undersheriff Terry Korton, the final moments of life for Butte County sheriff's deputy William R. Hunter and Lt. Larry B. Estes were likely spent in a desperate struggle to control an armed suspect inside a tiny Inskip cabin where all three men were found dead Thursday night.   Korton said the deputies and their suspected killer, Richard G. Bracklow, were found in extremely close proximity. 

"They were practically in a pile," Korton said. Preliminary reports by Department of Justice investigators indicate that the deputies were killed by multiple gunshot wounds. Bracklow's cause of death was not confirmed. In a briefing to the media on Friday afternoon in Oroville, CA.  

Sheriff Scott Mackenzie called Thursday's tragedy the worst incident in the history of the department. Mackenzie said  that Estes and Hunter entered the cabin shortly after 6 p.m. Thursday. "A gunbattle ensued and the deputies were killed," he said.  Mackenzie said the number of rounds fired inside the cabin hadn't been determined, but stated. "it was a lot."  

When Estes and Hunter did not respond to the dispatchers, the sheriff's department sent out deputies to locate them.  When personnel could not locate the deputies at the scene,  additional personnel and equipment were sent to locate the men.. Two Sheriff's Office helicopters were dispatched to the area, along with an armored van and members of the sheriff's Special Incident Response Team. Butte County Fire/CDF units, along with several emergency medical teams, responded to a staging area  approximately three miles below the inn. At about 8 p.m., the road  was closed to through traffic.   

Just before 9 p.m., sheriff's Lt. Jerry Smith assembled the special incident team and deployed snipers around the cabin. At that point, officials didn't have a name on the suspect believed holed up in the cabin, but issued a description as a male, 5 feet 10 inches, with brown hair and hazel eyes. Just after 9 p.m., deputies were advised that the suspect may be armed with a 12-gauge shotgun and an AK-47 assault rifle. It was also believed he had stored "10 to 20 rifles" in the cabin over the weekend. 

Acquaintances of Bracklow who assembled in the staging area described him as a "Y2K type" and a "survivalist" who was often seen armed in public and sometimes wore camouflage clothing. 

According to the Chico CA Enterprise Record, as 10 p.m. approached, deputies reviewed their strategy to storm the cabin. Since no activity had been seen in or around the cabin, Smith told officers, "There is no reason to get into a rush on this thing now. Let's do it right." A California Highway Patrol helicopter had flown over the cabin with an infrared sensor and found no evidence of heat sources. At 10:33, Smith order gas fired into the cabin. After six minutes, "Go" was blurted out over scanners and the cabin was rushed by deputies. At 10:40 p.m., Smith announced in a flat tone: "We've got three down." 

A search was immediately ordered of an adjacent cabin, but nothing was found. Moments later, medical personnel confirmed that all three men in the first cabin were dead. 

Authorities are now looking for a woman who may have been with Bracklow on several recent occasions and is rumored to be his girlfriend. She is driving a vehicle described only as a Honda. possibly named "Amy," and may have fled the upper ridge on Thursday. It is not known if the woman if a suspect in the incident. 

Hunter, 26, was scheduled to work with a K-9 police dog, but the dog he was assigned was still in training and not with him Thursday night. Hunter joined the department in August 1998. Estes, 61, was a 30-year veteran of the department and a former assistant sheriff. He had recently been working on special investigations, including internal affairs. Mackenzie said Estes was within one year of retirement.  Mackenzie said funeral arrangements are pending and will probably be coordinated by representatives from multiple law enforcement agencies in Butte County.Mackenzie said both Hunter and Estes were outstanding employees of the department who died in dedicated service to the community. ³They will be sorely missed,² he said.    

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HateWatch.org Goes Back Online and Open Source 7/29/01

(Boston, MA) HateWatch.org, one of the Internet's best known civil rights web sites, returned to the internet after a six-month hiatus. The newly redesigned site uses PHP-Nuke, a freely distributed web portal software.

"It's a whole new HateWatch.org," says founder and Executive Director David
Goldman. "While we will continue our past work of monitoring hate groups and
their Internet activities, we will be developing non-proprietary or 'open source' software for the civil rights community. This will enable individuals and organizations to create an inexpensive but powerful online presence in order to promote tolerance."

The Internet can be a valuable place for the free exchange of ideas, but it can also be a haven for bigotry and hatred. That's why HateWatch.org is a powerful resource to educate and empower individuals to fight intolerance. Goldman says, "We welcome back our friends, not only to fight against bigotry but to work with us in building a more tolerant online community."

Started in 1995, HateWatch.org is a web-based not for profit that monitors the evolving problem of online bigotry. HateWatch is considered an innovator in the use of the Internet for promoting civil rights.

For more information, contact David Goldman, Executive Director, Hatewatch.org goldman@hatewatch.org

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Ohio Aryan Nations Leader Arrested on Weapons Charges 7/19/01

Danny William Kincaid, also known as "Pastor Dan" in Aryan Nations literature, was arrested on weapons charges at his home in Delaware, Ohio on July, 5, according to the Columbus (OH) Dispatch.


Federal agents seized racist literature, guns and ammunition from the home of Kincaid, a man identified as the leader of the Ohio chapter of the white supremacist group Aryan Nations.  
 The items were recovered Thursday from a house at 514 Africa Rd. in Delaware, Ohio, where Kincaid lived with his wife and aunt. 

According to federal court documents filed in the case, Kincaid has held weekly Aryan Nations meetings at the house.    Kincaid, 55, was arrested on a 14-count indictment in which he is charged as a felon in possession of firearms and a pipe bomb. After his arrest,  Kincaid denied that he held meetings at his house and said there has been a lot of "misinformation'' about the case.  Kincaid was convicted in 1965 of a nighttime break-in at a Marion County grade school and was sentenced to one to 15 years in prison, and additional convictions for burglary and possession of methamphetamine, making it illegal for him to possess or sell firearms, the indictment states

Among more than 60 items seized were handguns and dozens of rounds of ammunition. Also taken in the search were books on bacteriological warfare, booby traps, a copy of Secret Holocaust, Aryan Nations papers, letters from prison inmates and assorted photos of former Ohio Aryan Nations leader Harold Ray Redfeairn. Some of the items were found in the basement near a pulpit.  On the Aryan Nations Web site, Kincaid is listed as "Pastor Dan," with a Marion, Ohio, post office box and e-mail address. It couldn't be confirmed whether Kincaid has visited the former Aryan Nations compound north of Hayden or participated in previous parades the group has held in Coeur d'Alene

Redfeairn, a Montgomery County, Ohio resident, gave a sermon at Kincaid's residence on April 22, according to an FBI informant. At that April meeting, court documents said, Aryan leader Harold Ray Redfeairn referred to riots in Cincinnati and urged white supremacists to shoot black rioters in the head.Redfeairn, who testified last year as a defense witness in a North Idaho civil suit against Aryan leader Richard Butler, is not named as a defendant in the criminal indictment, according to Bill Morlin the Spokane (WA) Spokesman Review.

According to the FBI, Aryan Nations is dedicated to the overthrow of the U.S. government and creation of a separate, all-white nation in the northwestern United States. Since the 1970s, members have committed various crimes, including murder and armed robberies, to further their goals. The group, which is based in Sandpoint, Idaho, held its world congress this weekend at Farragut State Park in Idaho, and held a march through downtown Couer d'Alene, Idaho on the Fourth of July.   According to the Aryan Nations Internet site, a Romanian AK-47 assault rifle is to be raffled off at the world congress. Visitors also are encouraged to bring "a corruptive book or n----- music album to throw on the pile of filth.'' 

Agents also retrieved from Kincaid's house reports from the Ohio Bureau of Criminal Identification and Investigation concerning Barry Satta of Marion, recently convicted in the murder of a 7-year-old girl. Kincaid formerly lived in Marion County. He now is under house arrest and monitored electronically.

FBI agent Nate Gray, supervisor of the Cincinnati division's domestic terrorism unit, said although it is not illegal to belong to groups such as the Aryan Nations, "We are looking at (Kincaid) because of the criminal activity. "We take these investigations seriously and investigate aggressively, especially in the domestic terrorism arena or of individuals who belong to such groups and who advocate criminal activities.'' 

The FBI began investigating Kincaid 13 months ago, Gray said. The indictment specifies that Kincaid sold everything from a .12-gauge "street-sweeper" shotgun to a Soviet-made assault rifle.a Russian SKS assault rifle to an informant between Oct. 7, 2000, and June 27, 2001.

The indictment doesn't identify the informant, but says he attended Aryan Nations church services at Kincaid's rural home near Galena, Ohio.On Jan. 14, the indictment alleges, the informant met another Aryan Nations member, David A. Godfrey. He had manufactured a pipe bomb and bought a .357 handgun from Kincaid, the indictment alleges.The indictment naming Kincaid doesn't say whether Godfrey also faces federal charges. Federal authorities in Ohio couldn't be reached for comment Thursday evening.The handgun and pipe bomb were wrapped in an Aryan Nations flag and were taken to Kincaid's home.For reasons that aren't explained, Kincaid took the pipe bomb from Godfrey, grabbed a lighter from the table and took the device outside.The informant was secretly wearing an electronic device that recorded conversations between Godfrey and Kincaid about the pipe bomb, federal documents say."Kincaid lit the fuse and threw the pipe bomb," they said. "The explosion from the pipe bomb detonating was clearly audible on the recording."On Jan. 17, FBI and ATF agents raided Godfrey's home and seized gunpowder, pipe bomb components, Aryan Nations literature and a copy of the "Turner Diaries." The fictional account of a race war has been the inspiration for several white supremacists and terrorists, including the late Timothy McVeigh.
      
 Larry Wayne Harris, a 50-year-old
Lancaster (OH) microbiologist
convicted in 1997 of illegally obtaining bubonic-plague germs, said he knows Kincaid, whom he called  "Pastor Dan,''  from atte
nding white- separatist "church'' gatherings at which Kincaid delivered speeches. Harris, who said he is a former member of the Aryan Nations, expressed surprise at the federal weapons charges. "Very much so, very much so,'' he said yesterday. "I'm extremely skeptical of the charges.'' In 1998, Harris was arrested in Las Vegas and accused of possessing deadly anthrax germs. Later tests by U.S. Army scientists proved the specimens were harmless anthrax vaccines, and the charges were dropped. Harris said the Kincaid he knows -- he last saw him at a meeting in Ohio three weeks ago -- is not violent. "He has the reputation of trying to prevent hotheads from doing something violent,'' he said. "He's gone out of his way to prevent violence. He's got a good reputation. "He's not an instigator provoking people to do something.'' 

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Terrorism Warning for Arabian Peninsula from State Department 7/19/01

The US State Department is warning U.S. citizens of "imminent terrorist actions" in the Arabian Peninsula, according to CNN.  

The State department said it has "strong indications that individuals may be planning imminent terrorist actions against U.S. interests in the Arabian Peninsula," in a statement released Wednsday.  The Arabian Peninsula includes Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates.

"In the past, such individuals have not distinguished between official and civilian targets," the statement said. "As always, we take this information seriously.

"U.S. government facilities remain at a heightened state of alert. American citizens in the region are urged to remain vigilant with regard to their personal security and to exercise caution," according to the statement.

The department said it had no information on "specific targets, timing, or method of attack."

U.S. military forces in the Persian Gulf and Middle East region went to the highest state of alert on June 22, 2001, in reaction to what officials called an unspecified but credible threat of attack against U.S. interests.  The threats are believed to have been planned by people linked to accused terrorist Osama bin Laden. That warning also did not identify a specific target. Officials said there was a time frame for that attack, but would not disclose it.  The statement says this warning expires October 17, 2001.

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Anti-Semitic Liberty Lobby, Spotlight Magazine Fold 7/18/01

The anti-semitic  Liberty Lobby has closed its doors and its weekly newspaper, the Spotlight, has published its last edition after a federal bankruptcy judge last week dismissed the group's latest claim for Chapter 11 protection, according to the Washington Times.

The most recent ruling by U.S. bankruptcy Judge S. Martin Teel Jr. puts an end to a complicated eight-year battle between Liberty Lobby founder Willis A. Carto and his former associates at the California-based Institute for Historical Review (IHR), a holocaust denial organization.

 IHR sued Carto and won a multimillion-dollar judgment on claims that Carto illegally diverted funds from the institute's Texas parent company, the Legion for the Survival of Freedom.

Carto, a resident of Escondido, Calif., founded the Washington-based Liberty Lobby in 1955. The nonprofit outfit and its publication, the Spotlight, funded by outside donations and subscriptions, claimed to be America's key defender of patriotism and a hub for grass-roots conservative activism. But they also have been criticized as a fertile breeding ground for the views of anti-government extremists, conspiracy theorists, anti-semites and racists.

Last week, as about 25 employees gathered personal belongings and wrapped up last-minute business at the Liberty Lobby offices, located at 300 Independence Ave., a spokesman defended Carto and vowed to fight on.

"Nobody is really that sad, but everybody is mad," said spokesman William Francis. "While Liberty Lobby may be dissolved, nobody has given up here. We know that we did nothing wrong as an institution. Everybody has complete faith in Mr. Carto and how he administered the funds."

Francis hinted that a new incarnation of the Spotlight was already in the works, although he offered few specifics about any new publication.


Defiantly, Francis said,  "they may come in and shut us down, but the staff are fully committed to make new efforts to get something going. Over the last several days, we've had hundreds of phone calls to the office, pledges of hundreds of thousands of dollars to set up a new newspaper.   We have a citizens army behind us."

    Mark Weber, director of IHR, said the ruling may signal the end of Liberty Lobby, but he predicts Mr. Carto will survive with some other venture.

    "This is a welcome culmination of an exhausting, costly, bitter legal and public relations dispute," said Weber, who has been assailed in the pages of the Spotlight as a "rat," "weasel," "toilet bowl," "cockroach" and "devil."

Francis yesterday reiterated his claims that IHR plans to sell one of the Liberty Lobby's final assets, its subscriber mailing list, to such watchdog organizations as the Southern Poverty Law Center and the Anti-Defamation League, which have been critical of both feuding groups.  "It's a lie," Weber said of those claims.

 Liberty Lobby once sued the Wall Street Journal for having called the organization "anti-Semitic." But Judge Robert Bork dismissed the suit in 1984, declaring, "If anti-Semitism has a core, factual meaning, it was demonstrated here."

Carto, a 74-year-old native of Fort Wayne, Ind., has been called "the most influential anti-Semite in the United States." About 90,000 people are paid subscribers to the Spotlight, which had estimated readership of more than 300,000 in 1981.  The weekly's "favorite political targets included the Rockefellers, the Rothschilds, Henry Kissinger, the Council on Foreign Relations and the 'Zionist entity' in Palestine," according to author Dennis King.  Carto played a key role in co-founding IHR in 1978. The Anti-Defamation League has called IHR "the world's single most important outlet for Holocaust-denial propaganda"

Carto was ousted by IHR's board of directors in September 1993 after the staff complained, among other things, of Mr. Carto's interference in editorial decisions for the Journal of Historical Review, an IHR publication.

Prof. Brian Levin of the Center for the Study of Hate & Extremism said in a recent article about Carto, Liberty Lobby and IHR:  : 

Arguably the most powerful purveyor of denial over the last quarter century is a shadowy and controversial figure named Willis Carto. Carto is founder and main leader behind the Washington, D.C. based extremist group, Liberty Lobby and its offshoots, the Noontide Press and the most well known denial organization, the Institute for Historical Review (IHR). These entities are all part of myriad projects created by Carto to promote bigotry and extremism in North America. Although Carto is listed as the Liberty
Lobby's "treasurer," it is widely known that he is the dominant economic and political force behind the group. The IHR, a pseudo-academic entity devoted to "revisionism"  was founded by Carto in 1979, but has been independent of him since a bitter 1993 dispute with staffers.  

Wills Carto, 76 was born on July 19, 1926 in Indiana, but spent most of his early life in neighboring Ohio. During World War II Carto served in the United States Army and subsequently obtained his undergraduate degree from Denison University. A former employee recently stated that Carto did not become "racially conscious" except [allegedly quoting Carto] "for the normal stuff, like hating niggers" until the early 1950s, when his position as a bill collector caused him to encounter Jews (Intelligence Report, Wtr. 2000, p. 55).  During that decade Carto held a number of positions with assorted
far right wing organizations, including the John Birch Society. By 1955 he had laid the groundwork for the precursor organization to what is now the anti-Semitic Liberty Lobby.  Mr. Carto was heavily influenced by Frances Yockey, an unstable Hitler supporter who killed himself while serving time in prison for a fraud offense (Caplan, 1993, p. 5, Schwartz, 1996, pp. 21-26).

Carto founded another group in the late 1960s to support segregationist George Wallace's presidential bid and Yockey's Hitlerian philosophy among young people. The leadership of the group was eventually turned over to a rival neo-Nazi Dr. William Pierce, a former close associate of George Lincoln Rockwell, and another promoter of denial.  The now independent group, the West Virginia based National Alliance is the most prominent Neo-Nazi group in the United States (Schwartz, 1996,  pp. 21-26).

The Populist Party

In 1983 Mr. Carto founded yet another offshoot group, a far right political party, called the Populist Party.  The Party is best known for its conspiracist and bigoted newspaper, The Nationalist Times and for its 1988 Presidential candidate former Ku Klux Klansman David Duke. Populist Party National Director Don Wassall wrote about the Party's embrace of the extreme in the February 1987 issue of the Nationalist Times: 

The first factor is the healthy alienation one feels when he understands the essential corruption and unjustness [sic] of the present system, and through enlightenment is able to cut himself away from the values, mores, and thought patterns of the Establishment....Many populists have realized that our disgust at present trends is not because of alienation per se, but because our souls rebel at the deliberate destruction of the highest, fairest  most progressive way of life ever known to man (The Nationalist Times, May 1997; quoting February 1987 issue).  

In that same issue another commentator John Bryant explained the benefits of extremism:

While the great mass will remain unmoved by events outside their immediate lives, and will thus continue  to 'carry on the world's work' no matter what the external situation, others- the so-called extremists- will be greatly moved. From this we see that 'extremists,' far from being 'outside the mainstream' as they are generally depicted, are actually those who provide leadership to the social body, and in so doing direct the course of history (Id.).

Carto's lengthy professional anti-Semitism and extremism is extensively documented in the United States. On June 25, 1986 the United States Supreme Court affirmed a trial court's dismissal of a defamation suit filed by Carto's Liberty Lobby against prominent American journalist Jack Anderson. Anderson had called Carto a "Hitler fan" and the "leading anti-Semite in the country." Mr. Carto's Liberty Lobby lost another defamation lawsuit against The Wall Street Journal which referred to the group as the "far right anti-Semitic Liberty Lobby." The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia in a unanimous opinion affirming dismissal of the Liberty Lobby defamation suit stated: "if the term anti-Semitic has a core factual meaning, then the truth of the description was proved here" (Liberty Lobby, Inc. v. Dow Jones & Co., 1988).

United States Court of Appeals Judge Robert Bork observed in a footnote to the Court's holding:

"Since its inception, Liberty Lobby has been an outspoken, often vicious critic of Jewish groups and leaders, and of the United States domestic and foreign policy in regard to Jewish issues. In a letter to subscribers to The Spotlight, Liberty characterized 'political Zionism' as the 'most ruthless, wealthy, powerful and evil political force in the history of the Western world.' The Spotlight has given extensive publicity to the fantastic claim that the Holocaust, the extermination of 6,000,000 Jews by Nazi Germany, never occurred" (Id. at footnote 7).

Well known conservative commentator William F. Buckely in a 1981 National Review article, labeled Mr. Carto someone "who poisons the wells of polemical discourse" and his Liberty Lobby as a "hot bed of anti-Semitism" (Caplan, 1995, p. 39).   Another prominent conservative R. Emmet Tyrell, Jr. publisher of the American Spectator wrote: "Liberty Lobby was founded in the mid-1950s by Willis Carto. Carto remains to this day its mainspring and its devoted treasurer. It has always had a colorful collection of bigots and simpletons around it practicing the solitary vice of political extremism- namely,
applying  conspiracy theories to every vexatious public problem" (Id. at 39-40).

Two of the most prominent civil rights monitoring organizations in the United States, the Southern Poverty Law Center and the Anti-Defamation League have chronicled Mr. Carto and his organizations for many years.  Mr. Carto was described by the American Anti-Defamation League, a Jewish civil rights organization, as "perhaps the most influential professional anti-Semite in the United States" (Schwartz, 1996, p.21).

Carto's Liberty Lobby organization published a variety of anti-Semitic and racist periodicals and publications over the decades. The most enduring of his publishing activities are the weekly bigoted newspaper- the Spotlight, Noontide Press, and the pseudo-academic Journal of Historical Review (JHR). While all his publishing arms promote denial, the JHR has devoted most of its content to denial related issues.

The Spotlight

The Spotlight is arguably the most circulated racist and conspiracist periodical in the United States today. Its articles often relate to conspiracies concocted by Zionists and allegedly Jewish controlled entities like the Trilateral Commission, Rockefeller Family, bankers, The United Nations, the American Federal Reserve System, and Communists. It also devotes space to offbeat news and to unorthodox health remedies.  Since its founding in 1975 the weekly Spotlight has slightly altered its methods. In the past its bigotry and anti-Semitism was much more blatant and overt than it is today. A lengthy 1979 special supplement featured articles entitled, "Were Six Million Jews Exterminated?" and "Famous 'Gas Chamber Victims' Living Well" while another issue featured such headlines as "White Race Becoming an Endangered Species" and "Israel Murders Americans" (Caplan, 1995, p. 1).

While still virulently anti-Semitic, today's Spotlight prefers anti-Semitic and "patriotic" code words, as part of a probable to strategy to increase circulation among militia ideologues in the United States who distrust the government. In recent years The Spotlight has become a vehicle for a fringe subset of right wing militia extremists who think America has been corrupted by Jews and international conspiracies aimed at instituting a one world government.  Convicted Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh placed an advertisement for a rocket launcher using his alias "Tim Tuttle" in the August 16, 1993 issue of the Spotlight and the newspaper regularly features advertisements involving extremists. A recent article in the March 29,1999 issue entitled, "Have the Zionists Flexed Too Much Muscle?"  purports that if one "Want[s] to make it in the Big Apple [New York]? Discover you're a Jew." The March 22, 1999 Spotlight front page featured a photograph of Alan Greenspan under a headline: "You Beat the Fed [Federal Reserve Bank] Spying Reg." The February  8, 1993 Spotlight urged its readers to "make hundreds of copies to hand out" of a front page article from the previous week's issue entitled, "Bush Said to Take Bribe To 'Get' Saddam Hussein" The article alleged that President George Bush escalated the Gulf War against Iraq in the final days of the war because he was given an $80 million dollar bribe by Saudi King Fahd. Waco and the CIA are also themes for the paper as well. 
                                                                             
  
The Spotlight has rallied around antigovernment extremists for years.  The February 1, 1993 issue contained a two page centerfold expose on the so-called cover-up of the "murder...by police" of "political dissident" Gordon Kahl. Posse Commitatus adherent Gordon Kahl was a federal ex-convict who violated his parole on tax evasion charges. In 1983 Kahl murdered two federal marshals in North Dakota, and later an Arkansas sheriff who attempted to arrest him, before dying himself in a fire caused by a police smoke bomb hurled during a gun battle.  The forerunner of the 1990s Freemen movement,
the Posse Commitatus is an anti-Semitic,  anti-tax extremist organization founded in 1969.

Noontide Press

Noontide Press is arguably the most well established publishing house catering to American bigots and extremists. It has published and sold material promoting Holocaust denial, bigotry, and bomb making. Its selection includes works like the anti-Semitic Protocols of the Elders of Zion, International Jew and Mein Kampf; the Holocaust denial tract, The Hoax of the Twentieth Century; and The Road Back, a terrorist manual with an ideological bent, popular among militia anti-government in the United States (Noontide Press Catalogue). 

The Institute for Historical Review

Carto founded the IHR in 1979 and was extensively involved in its operations until a putsch ousted him in 1993. The IHR, an anti-Semitic denial organization, is still the most prominent Holocaust denial organization in the United States.  The inaugural issue of the IHR's slickly produced journal included the following articles by some of the leading figures in the denial movement: 

App, Austin. "The 'Holocaust' put in perspective." Spring, 1980; vol. 01 no. 1: p. 43.
Butz, Arthur R. "The international 'Holocaust' controversy." Spring, 1980; vol. 01 no. 1: p. 5.
Diwald, Hellmut. Geschichte der Deutschen. Reviewed by: Weber, Charles E.
Spring, 1980; vol. 01 no. 1: p. 81.
Faurisson, Robert. "The mechanics of gassing." Spring, 1980; vol. 01 no. 1: p. 23.
Felderer, Ditlieb. "Auschwitz notebook: Certain impossibilities of the
'Gerstein Statement'." Spring, 1980; vol. 01 no. 1: p. 69.
FitzGibbon, Louis. "Hidden aspects of the Katyn massacre: 'The lost 10,000'." Spring, 1980; vol. 01 no. 1: p. 31.
Walendy, Udo. "The fake photograph problem." Spring, 1980; vol. 01 no. 1: p.
59. Letters to the editor

Shortly after its founding an IHR stunt backfired on the organization in 1980 when it offered a $50,000 reward to anyone who could substantiate the position that the Holocaust took place. A Holocaust survivor who offered proof and was denied payment by the IHR sued. In 1985 the IHR was forced to pay $90,000 in a court approved settlement that included an admission by the IHR that Jews were gassed by the Nazis and an apology to Holocaust survivors (Stern, 1993, p.17).

Time Magazine subsequently proclaimed the IHR as a "holocaust denial group" and its denial oriented Journal of Historical Review as a "pseudointellectual journal" (Jaroff, 1993, p. 83). While the IHR and its supporters promoted themselves as being victims of Jewish sponsored censorship, most were regarded in academic and other circles as being a discredited cadre who manipulated history-generally for extremist political causes.  With a scant few notable exceptions, the IHR's publications and conferences under scholarly veneer present an assortment of individuals whose objectivity or
historical expertise are suspect. 

A representative and pivotal IHR conference was the Fifth Annual International Revisionist Conference in Anaheim, California in September 1983. The Conference was opened and its theme set by IHR founder and power broker Willis Carto. For Carto the IHR and its activities were not part of a scholarly process, but rather part of an overall political strategy to concoct certain "truths" to achieve extremists political goals at the expense of his enemies: "The purpose of history, as I see it, is to uncover the forces which move the pawns of the chess board of the world...." (Carto,1984, p. 10). Carto saw history less as an academic discipline, but rather as a political and economic tool used by an alliance of evildoers to write truth in a way that promotes their own self-interest: "The fact is that all great historical events in a so-called 'democracy' are produced by an alliance. Alliances are the very warp and woof of politics. There is no one pressure group strong enough to dominate all of the others" (Id. at p. 11). According to Carto revisionists should not have "monodiabolistic theories" that fail to recognize "other devils" (Id. at p. 12).  It is unnecessary to put anyone "devil"  in control Carto contends, thus making it faulty to try "to prove all supercapitalists are Jews." Historians must instead concentrate on "the reality of the political alliance of Zionism, communism and supercapitalism" (Id.).

Carto concluded, "This Establishment false history not only omits and distorts facts which expose its own wickedness, greed, and corruption-it invents other facts to prove its righteousness. This thing is all-pervasive and can only be successfully combated by challenging it [at] all levels it is to be found. It is not merely a political problem, it has monetary and economic and social dimensions as well" (Id. at p. 13-14) 

William Lindsey's conference presentation offered a defense of Dr. Bruno Tesch who was accused in a 1945 military trial of crimes against humanity for supplying poison gas to the concentration camps. Robert John spoke about the interplay of Jewish conspiracy, finance and a "founding myth" relating to the Holocaust as a means for achieving Israeli statehood. Another speaker, Friedrich Berg, spoke on "Diesels, Gas, Wagons, and Zyklon B" in an attempt to deny the asphyxiation killing of concentration camp prisoners. Previously, Berg had unsuccessfully petitioned the NBC television network for equal
airtime to respond to the popular miniseries "Holocaust" (IHR Release, 1983). IHR Advisory board member Wilhelm Staeglich, a German World War II veteran,  talked about his book, "Der Auschwitz Mythos" and its negative reception in Germany, where it was banned. Staeglich's positions caused him to be removed from the judicial bench and his alma mater voided his doctorate. Staeglich contends he saw "well nourished" internees and no evidence of mass extermination. (Staeglich,1984, p.47). James Martin gave a tribute lecture about another Holocaust denier named Francis Nielson. Martin Larson talked about how bankers, often a code word for Jews in anti-Semitic circles, perpetrated various crimes against Americans. H. Keith Thompson discussed how Hilter's immediate successor, Karl Dolentz, was allegedly "railroaded" at the Nuremberg trials (IHR Release).

Perhaps the most important speech at the conference was one by controversial British historian David Irving, innocuously titled "The Travails of a Transatlantic Writer." Irving, the son of a British Naval officer, was born in England in 1938. After a one year scholarship to Imperial College Irving became curious about British fascist Oswald Mosey. After a failed attempt to join the Royal Air Force Irving moved to Germany to work at a steel factory where he got the idea for a book on the allied bombing of Dresden. That book, The Destruction of Dresden  became Irving's first best seller in 1963. In 1977 Irving published Hitler's War, a controversial number 8 best seller book in England, that attempted to rehabilitate Hitler. Irving, not yet a denier in 1977, wrote "the burden of guilt for the bloody and mindless massacre of the Jews rests on a large number of Germans, many of them alive today, and not just on one 'mad dictator,' whose order had to be obeyed without question."  In April 1983 Irving gained notoriety for challenging the veracity of bogus Hitler Diaries that had been accepted for publication by some of the world's most prominent newspapers and journals.   Irving also gained publicity over a $1,000 reward offer he made to anyone able to produce evidence of Hitler's culpability for Jewish extermination (Guttenplan, 2000, p. 48-51).


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Accused Birmingham Bomber Unfit for Trial 7/18/01

A judge has ruled that Bobby Frank Cherry is not mentally competent to face murder charges the 1963 Sixteenth Street Baptist Church bombing that killed four girls.

Judge James Garrett, a Jefferson County judge,  ruled on Monday, July 16 that Cherry, 72, undergo more testing by the Alabama Department of Mental Health and set an Aug. 10 hearing to decide how that evaluation will be done. 

Garrett issued a seven-page decision finding that Cherry's defense presented enough evidence that vascular dementia had made Cherry incompetent. The state, he wrote, failed to meet Alabama's demanding burden of proof for mental competence, which is "clear, convincing and unequivocal evidence." 

Rodger Bass, a defense attorney, said Cherry could not comprehend the ruling's significance. "You try to talk to him about the case, he talks about his grandchildren playing in the mud," Bass told the Birmingham News.  

Former U.S. Attorney Doug Jones, handling the case as a special state prosecutor, said that Cherry likely will not be tried on murder charges: "The door is closing rapidly and there's not much left in this case." Jones said he was disappointed about the 7ruling disappointed him, but was not surprised.  Alabama law, with its requirement for "unequivocal evidence" of competence is an "extraordinarily high burden" for the state, he said. "That is just next to an impossible burden, given the state of the professional experience and expertise and testimony that we had in this case," Jones said. 

Garrett's decision said that that the state standard is "substantially different" from the federal test: a "preponderance of the evidence." Jones said he hopes that the Legislature and a state judicial committee on which Garrett serves will review the competency rule.

At Cherry's mental competency hearing, two psychologists and two psychiatrists testified. Two said Cherry could not help in his own defense, as the law requires. All four agreed Cherry had some form of dementia, a progressive disease. Garrett noted that Dr. Jack Modell, the psychiatrist appointed by the court, tested Cherry extensively. Modell said a brain scan showed Cherry had suffered small strokes and that tissue had started to die. He said Cherry was not faking his condition. Jones said the only determination left for the judge is to decide whether there is a "substantial probability" that Cherry could recover sufficiently to stand trial. 

Cherry is one of four former Ku Klux Klansmen who were suspects  in the church bombing that killed Denise McNair, 11, and 14-year-olds Cynthia Wesley, Carole Robertson and Addie Mae Collins. A jury on May 1 convicted Cherry's co-defendant, Thomas Blanton Jr..  Blanton received a life sentence. Robert "Dynamite Bob" Chambliss died in prison after a jury convicted him of the bombing in 1977. Herman Cash, a fourth suspect, died without being charged. 

News of Garrett's decision disappointed some of the girls' relatives and civil rights leaders. Sarah Rudolph lost both an eye and her sister, Addie Mae Collins, in the blast. She sat through two days of testimony last week and concluded that Cherry was putting on an act. Monday, Rudolph said she had not changed her mind about Cherry.

The Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth, a Cincinnati minister instrumental in Birmingham's civil rights movement, said Cherry should be granted immunity and allowed to discuss anything he knows of the Klan's activities. "Somebody who was so dead set and fully competent to do evil deeds over a very long period of time is now being ruled incompetent to stand trial for his deeds," Shuttlesworth said. Rev. John Cross of Decatur, Ga., Sixteenth Street's minister at the time of the bombing, said he was glad at  two others were held responsible for the killings that were among the most shocking to the nation during the civil rights movement.  "You can't always be a hundred percent in your trials and tribulations," he said. "Getting two out of three, that's good. It would have been better if we got three. If that's all we can get, we'll just have to settle."

The day after the judge's decision, blacks singing civil rights anthems picketed a courthouse to protest a judge's ruling that a former Ku Klux Klansman is mentally incompetent to stand trial in the 1963 church bombing that killed four black girls. 

Demonstration leaders said Alabama has executed six mentally retarded black men since 1989, yet 72-year-old Bobby Frank Cherry apparently will go free without answering murder charges in the blast at Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, according to the Associated Press.. 

``There's a different standard for white folks than for black folks,'' said Rev. Abraham Woods, local president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. ``We're sick and tired of being sick and tired.'' 

Demonstrators sang ``We Shall Overcome'' and chanted ``No justice, no peace'' as they marched outside the Jefferson County criminal courthouse. They rapped sticks on the stone plaza to make noise.  The group included almost 30 demonstrators and nearly 40 children who arrived on a school bus from a program for the needy. 

``It seems like the only way to get justice done is with protests like this,'' said City Council member Sandra Little, who is black. ``It's sad it's come to this.'' 

And Cherry may escape a trial for rape because of the judge's decision.  Shelby County District Attorney Robert E. Owens, who is prosecuting the charges that Cherry raped a former stepdaughter, said the day after the decision that he probably won't contest the findings of a Jefferson County judge who ruled Bobby Frank Cherry mentally incompetent for trial in the bombing. 

Complicating matters further, Owens said the victim in the sexual assault case, Gloria Dean LaDow, hasn't been heard from since last year, and it would be impossible to take Cherry to trial without her.  "She basically just disappeared," said Owens. "In all likelihood because of this ruling out of Jefferson County I'm not going to have a case. But I'd like to talk to her anyway." 

Cherry was brought to Alabama from his home in Mabank, Texas, last year after being indicted on charges he sexually assaulted LaDow, the daughter of Willadean Brogdon Towns, one of Cherry's former wives. LaDow, 41,alleged that Cherry raped and molested her when she was a girl living with him and her mother in Alabama. Once extradited to Alabama to answer the assault charges, Cherry was indicted on murder charges in a 1963 bombing that killed four black girls at Sixteenth Street Baptist Church. 

LaDow, who testified before grand jurors during the bombing investigation, was herself on probation when the murder charges were filed. LaDow was convicted with her husband in 1993 in Florida on sex abuse charges involving a teen-age girl. She was released on parole but Florida authorities have issued an arrest warrant claiming she violated probation by failing to attend court-ordered counseling meetings. 

LaDow's attorney, Larry Hardaway, said he last saw her in October when she came by his office and said she was getting a job. LaDow was living in a small motel at the time and feared Cherry, he said. Hardaway said he does not know whether LaDow is in hiding or something happened to her, but added she would have been "an easy target" for anyone who wanted to harm her. "She was on the street, she mingled with street people, and she was living alone. She was on her own," he said.  

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Saudis Will Try 11 in  Khobar Towers Bombing 7/10/01


Saudi Arabia's interior minister said 11 of the 13 Saudis indicted by the United States last month in connection with the truck bombing of the Khobar Towers apartments in 1996 were in prison in the Saudi Arabia and that the case would be referred to their courts, but not US courts.

According to the New York Times, Prince Nayef bin Abdel Aziz, Saudi Arabia's interior minister, said when he was asked if any of the suspects held by Saudi Arabia would be sent to the United States to stand trial, responded with this comment: "No. Never. Impossible."

He added, "We have nothing whatsoever to do with the U.S. court, and we are not concerned with what has been said or what is going to be decided by the U.S."

The prince, brother of King Fahd and the head of the government's investigation, made his first extensive remarks since the indictment. They reflected the division between the Saudis and the Americans almost from the moment on June 25, 1996, when an explosion rocked an eight-story building used to house American military personnel in Dhahran, in the Eastern Province. The attack on the building, the Khobar Towers, killed 19 United States servicemen and wounded nearly 400 others.

He said the whereabouts of the two remaining suspects were unknown.  He expressed disappointment that an understanding with the United States to help capture the two appeared to have stalled. He said a 14th man indicted, a Lebanese accused of building the bomb, was also at large.

The FBI has long complained that Saudi Arabia has hampered its efforts by limiting access to the suspects and evidence like the getaway car, while the Saudis were reported to have found the Americans dismissive of their police work.  As a compromise, American investigators were eventually allowed to watch from behind glass as Saudi investigators posed questions to suspects.

On June 21, a federal grand jury in Alexandria, Va., returned a 46-count indictment charging 13 Saudis and a Lebanese man of carrying out the attack.  The prince said that his government had been waiting for the capture of the two fugitives to complete its own investigation of the case, but that it would no longer delay referring the matter to the Saudi courts.

"The U.S. promised us to help in searching for them and in arresting them and handing them to us, as they have connections with some countries," Prince Nayef said.  The prince did not specify which countries might be involved.  "We have seen nothing from what we have been promised in this issue," he said, "nor have we been informed of what they have done, despite their promise to cooperate with us."  He also expressed surprise with the indictments themselves, noting that they had not been mentioned by Louis J. Freeh, the former FBI. director, during a meeting in May in Boston. 

When the men were indicted in the U.S., Freeh said efforts were under way to get the defendants to stand trial in the United States, though the United States does not have an extradition treaty with the Saudis. Freeh, for whom the investigation had become a personal priority, stepped down as F.B.I. director days after the indictments.   "It was a friendly meeting and the man is kind, honest and direct, but he never told me anything about what they just announced," the interior minister said.

Although the indictment outlined heavy Iranian involvement in training the men involved and in planning the attack itself, it did not accuse any Iranian directly of any crime. Iran has denied any connection to the bombings.  After the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979, Saudi-Iranian relations were tense, largely because Tehran often accused the Saudis of being unfit guardians of Islam's holiest shrines. Since the Khobar attack, relations have been on the mend, with Prince Nayef himself signing a security pact with Tehran in April.

The interior minister would not specify whether Saudi Arabia believed that Iran had organized the attack. "We can never point a finger of accusation at any side until we are sure they were involved," he said.  The prince said he did not agree entirely with the picture that was painted in the U. S. indictment. It said Shiite Muslims, who were angered by the discrimination against then in Arabia, had been recruited for military training in Iran and Lebanon and eventually carried out the truck bombing.  The indictment portrays the two men still at large, both of whom are charged with murder, among other crimes, as the ringleaders of the group and its main liaisons with Iran. The indictment said the bombers wanted to drive American forces out of the Persian Gulf region.

"What has been published is partly true," the prince said, "but the details are not exactly as what they made public." He said only Saudi Arabian investigators could have had full access to all the information.  Prince Nayef said the details of the case, ranging from the accusations to what the Saudis believed happened, might emerge only after the court proceedings. No specific date for those has been set, but the prince said it would be "very soon."

Saudi Arabia's legal system grants wide powers to individual judges. The accused will be assigned lawyers only at the discretion of the judge, and the courts are not open. Any public record of a case is extremely rare, although convicted murderers are usually beheaded in public squares and the reason for the verdict is announced.

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Morristown NJ White Supremacist Rally for Racial Profiling Fizzles in the Drizzle 7/5/01


You just can't tell who your friends are these days, as white supremacist Richard Barrett found out when he returned to Morristown yesterday, anticipating a great day for his courthouse rally in support of racial profiling. 

Instead, two men posing as supporters went on a rampage before Barrett even started speaking, knocking over some of his equipment and tossing aside two of his Nationalist Movement flags. Police quickly arrested the men, and although Barrett forged ahead, his message was largely drowned out by nearly 400 chanting, shouting and cursing counter-demonstrators, according to the Morristown NJ Daily Record.  

Barrett had hoped to drum up local support for his organization by publicly supporting the  now-banned practice of racial profiling in the New Jersey State Police and the end to affirmative action. He also claimed to support two state troopers involved in a shooting on the New Jersey Turnpike in 1998 that has been labeled as racially motivated, and Barrett honored the two New Jersey state troopers who were charged in the 1998 New Jersey Turnpike shooting. Attorneys for troopers John Hogan and James Kenna said their clients wanted nothing to do with Barrett or his event. 

Although throngs of protesters drew much of the attention from Barrett’s intended message, the New Jersey native claimed victory in the name of free speech. Protesters and county officials, on the other hand, called it a "flop."  From the beginning of Wednesday’s event, not much went right for Barrett, the 57-year-old lawyer who once successfully argued before the U.S. Supreme Court.  

First, Barrett’s appointed grand marshal, Steve Ucci of Nutley NJ was an unexplained no-show.  Ucci, who had vowed to wear a George Washington costume for the event at which he was to preside as grand marshal, never materialized. He had predicted 200 supporters would join him.  "I have no idea what happened to him," Barrett said at noon, when the rally was scheduled to begin. "I just hope he’s all right."  Reached by telephone at Ucci’s home Wednesday night, a man who claimed to be Tom Ucci, Steve’s brother, would only say: "If it’s something bad, he’s definitely not involved in it anymore."

Shortly thereafter, while setting up on the courthouse lawn, two of Barrett’s supposed supporters sabotaged his sound equipment and threw his flags into the street.

Once police arrested the infiltrators, only two supporters remained at Barrett’s side. But out of fear, both decided not to join their leader in a single-lap "parade" around the courthouse, leaving him to make the march alone. And one of those two left some three hours before the conclusion of the event that drew more about 400 counterprotesters at times to the county seat of Morris County NJ.

"This is like a fireworks display that fizzled," Morris County Freeholder John J. Murphy told the Newark Star Ledger.  It was Barrett’s second Fourth of July in Morristown.

Last year’s event was designed to call for an end to affirmative action, an affair that drew some 300 protesters and resulted in 10 arrests, including two juveniles, on rioting and related charges. Twenty police agencies sent a total of 267 officers who sporadically used pepper spray to quell those who threw batteries, golf balls and bagels at Barrett and who knocked down barricades on loan from the New York Police Department.

But this time around, the 350 police officers had an easier time.  Police set up three checkpoints and two sets of barricades securing the area around the courthouse. Although three men were arrested, barricades remained in place, nothing was thrown, and no pepper spray was used.  Several batteries and small penknives were confiscated by police using metal detectors at entrances to the rally site, said Capt. Christopher D. Linne of the county prosecutor’s office.  In a televised interview, Prosecutor John Dangler said security surrounding Wednesday’s rally would cost taxpayers $300,000 to $400,000.

But law enforcement officials said the money was well spent.

"The checkpoints are the story," said Morristown police Capt. Peter Demnitz, who organized security for the event. "I wish they got it on tape; groups of people just turned around and walked away."  

Two who made it through the checkpoints, however, managed to have an impact on the event.  About 9 a.m., Matthew McSweeney Sheard, 19, of Brooklyn and Joshua Laub, 24, of the Bronx, told police on Schuyler Place that they wanted to support Barrett’s cause. Barrett, who had never met the men before, told police to allow them into the confined area designated for his rally. The two then proceeded to help him unload his white, Ford F-150 pick-up truck.

The pair continued to set up flags and other equipment for the rally until shortly after 11:30 a.m. Of the four apparent Barrett supporters, Sheard and Laub were the only ones who refused to provide their names and hometowns to a reporter who asked.

Then they struck.

The pair kicked over two large speakers intended to project Barrett’s speech toward demonstrators on the other side of Washington Street. Protesters, momentarily stunned, broke into boisterous cheers at the sight of the dissenters lunging for Nationalist Movement flags and hurling them into the street.  Barrett, similarly amazed, threw himself at Sheard, the nearest saboteur. Barrett grabbed the man and attempted to put him into a headlock.

"I got him, I got him in the head," an out-of-breath Barrett said immediately after police threw Sheard to the ground and handcuffed him. "These people are terrorists. My only regret is I didn’t stomp on his neck."  The two men were charged with disorderly conduct, criminal mischief and harassment. They were released on their own recognizance.  

"Obviously it was a plan to gain Mr. Barrett’s acceptance," said one of two remaining Barrett supporters, Gerald James McManus, who said he was from Florida. "If they wanted to kill him, they could have done it."

Another protester, Patrick John Strupp, 31, of Morristown, was arrested in the afternoon behind the barricade when police at an entrance point to the demonstrators’ area found him carrying a switchblade knife and metal knuckles. He was charged with two counts of unlawful possession of a weapon. On Wednesday night he remained in the Morris County jail on $5,000 bail.

Officials from the New Jersey State Police, 36 Morris municipalities, the sheriff’s and prosecutor’s offices, and the mounted park police units from Morris and Passaic counties were on hand. Also, members of the U.S. Department of Justice and NYPD observed the police action while members of the U.S. Secret Service quietly documented members of protest groups.

On the grounds of the county courthouse in the early afternoon, the spirit of the two remaining supporters, McManus and Doug Vandinan, 24, of Somerset County NJ, was quickly waning.

Sheard and Laub apparently had broken two switches on Barrett’s audio equipment, and a light drizzle began to fall. McManus and Vandinan told Barrett they did not want to march with him on the street, forcing him to complete the lap alone, with only a barely functional bullhorn and a cassette tape recorder by his side.

"It’s not worth parading with just three people," Vandinan explained to a reporter. "It’s too bad. There are lots of people who feel like we do, but they just don’t want to be seen in public."

As Barrett began his speech in favor of racial profiling, the act of targeting minorities in traffic stops, Vandinan began dismantling the American and Nationalist Movement flags hung on the courthouse steps.  Vandinan was berated by Barrett for his actions.

During Barrett and McManus’ public remarks, the weak audio coupled with increasingly loud chants, jeers and catcalls from demonstrators ensured that no one farther than 10 feet from the speakers heard a word. Barrett, however, was undeterred.

Barrett, a former East Orange NJ resident and 1964 graduate of Rutgers University, called his rally a success. "I don’t know how many people heard the Gettysburg Address either," said Barrett, clothed in jeans, a denim shirt, leather suspenders and a faded, black tie, according to the Star-Ledger. "The point is it was said, and no one could stand in our way. What I’m showing is that a man wearing blue jeans has just as much right to be seen and heard as someone wearing a top hat."

About 1 p.m., three hours before Barrett repacked his truck and drove under police escort to Route 287 to begin his journey back to Mississippi, Vandinan quietly left.  "The speeches were getting too long for him, I guess," Barrett said. "As Lincoln says, ‘You can’t please all the people all the time.’"

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Defiant Milosevic Mocks His Accusers at First Appearance Before International Court 7/4


 Slobodan Milosevic appeared Tuesday before an international tribunal that has accused him of crimes against humanity, and he dismissed the court with disdain and arrogance as an "illegal organ."

Jutting chin up in contempt,  Milosevic sat flanked by two guards before seven empty chairs intended for his lawyers. The former Serbian leader, who plunged the Balkans into four brutal ethnic wars, refused to to appear without counsel and to deliver his own rebuttal, in heavily accented English: "I consider this tribunal false tribunal and indictments false indictments." 

Milosevic's isolation, 12 years after the wave of Serbian ultranationalist sentiment that he had ignited to put him in power, gave added drama and tension to the courtroom confrontation as he sat facing a black-robed prosecution team led by Carla Del Ponte. The battle between the West and its longtime Balkan nemesis was stripped to its fundamentals.

On one side was Del Ponte, a Swiss lawyer who has accused Milosevic of three counts of crimes against humanity, including murder; and on the other, the hostile and angry Serbian nationalist who mocked the court, calling it "this so- called tribunal." Between them sat a British judge, Richard May, attempting to remind the accused of procedure.

For over a decade, Milosevic bent Serbia to his whim. Today, largely rejected by a country he impoverished and led into wars that left 200,000 people dead, he stood in the dock as the first head of state indicted before an international court for crimes committed while he was in office. 

Outright contempt greeted all the requests from Judge May for answers to his questions. Asked if he wanted to exercise his right to have the 54-page indictment read to him, Mr. Milosevic shot back, "That's your problem." The indictment was not read.

When asked if he would enter a plea of guilty or not guilty to the charges of crimes against humanity in Kosovo in 1999, Mr. Milosevic switched to Serbian from English and replied, "This trial's aim is to produce false justification for the war crimes of NATO," a reference to the bombing of Kosovo and Serbia in 1999.  After repeating the question, Judge May declared, "We treat your response as a failure to enter a plea and we shall enter a plea of not guilty on each count on your behalf."

Verbal volleying highlighted the 12-minute proceedings.  The hearing was held in a small gray-carpeted room behind bulletproof glass, and quickly moved toward their conclusion. Three times, Judge May cut off Milosevic, the former president of both Yugoslavia and Serbia, its largest republic, in midsentence, once commenting, "Mr. Milosevic, this is not the time for speeches."

The action, while intense, seemed to frustrate the dark-suited Mr. Milosevic by its brevity. Looking at his watch as he was escorted out, he said to a guard: "Hmm, 10 minutes."

According to the New York Times, the brief arraignment set the scene for what is certain to be an intense battle between opposing views of the world: nations and groups that are determined — after what Isaiah Berlin called "the most terrible century" — to combat crimes it regards as intolerable through the extension of international law, versus a man who sees this campaign as little more than a cloak for American imperialism.

The confrontation will also bring Milosevic face to face with acts he has repeatedly disavowed. The indictment includes charges that Yugoslav or Serbian units ultimately under Milosevic's control drove 740,000 Kosovo Albanians from their homes in 1999 and killed several hundred in cold blood. He also faces one charge of breaching the Geneva Conventions on the conduct of war.

In addition, Del Ponte said in an interview published in the French daily Le Monde that she hopes to  bring charges of genocide against  Milosevic for Serbian crimes in the Bosnian and Croatian wars. The current indictment refers only to Kosovo; it contains no genocide charge.

Given the time it will take to prepare any further indictment, and the time  Milosevic will need to prepare himself to face the charges, it is almost certain that the trial itself will not begin until next year, or possibly later . Once under way, it is expected to last at least a year.  U.S. Attorney Ramsey Clark, a former Attorney General, has traveled to the Hague to represent Milosevic.  One the day before his court appearance, Milosevic conferred for three hours with two Yugoslav lawyers at the Dutch prison where he and the 38 other Yugoslav war crimes defendants are being held. 

Afterward, lawyers Zdenko Tomanovic and Dragan Krgovic told reporters that Milosevic refuses to accept the validity of the court, established in 1993 by the U.N. Security Council to prosecute those believed responsible for crimes committed during Balkan wars which the United States and its allies believe he instigated  ``Mr. Milosevic does not recognize The Hague tribunal,'' Tomanovic said. Milosevic believes the tribunal ``is part of a mechanism to commit genocide on the Serb people.'' 

Milosevic's approach in court was consistent with that of a man who has always refused to admit the existence of things he does not like. Throughout the wars of Yugoslavia's destruction, he dismissed away the desolate villages and desperate camps where the dead mounted up, far from his remote Belgrade offices. 

The Serbian concentration camps for Muslims in Bosnia in 1992 were dismissed as inventions. Serbian massacres, from Vukovar in Croatia in 1991, to Srebrenica in Bosnia in 1995, to Racak in Kosovo in 1999, were always the fabrications of Western or NATO propaganda.  In effect, Mr. Milosevic declared that he did not acknowledge the existence of the court in which he stood, or that the jurisdiction of the court, a position similar to United States common law adherents.

Milosevic's attitude prompted a sharp rebuke from Judge May, who started to work at the United Nations Tribunal here in 1997 and has a reputation for keeping tight control of his courtroom. "Mr. Milosevic," he said, "you are now before this tribunal and you're within the jurisdiction of it. You will be tried by this tribunal." 

With or without lawyers, Mr. Milosevic will face the prosecution's case in the court where he sat.  Graham Blewitt, the deputy chief prosecutor, said the court would like to see Mr. Milosevic defended by the "best available legal defense there is in the world."  But, he added: "If the accused decides to stand mute and not say anything throughout the course of the trial, then it makes no difference. Because throughout the trial the prosecution bears the onus of establishing guilt beyond reasonable doubt. At no time does the onus shift to the accused to prove that he is innocent."  The court may appoint a lawyer if Mr. Milosevic continues to decline to select one, but he would have no obligation to cooperate or even communicate with that lawyer. 

Even before he decides on his tactics, Mr. Milosevic's broad approach appeared clear today. His allusion to the NATO bombing was consistent with a line that Mira Markovic, his wife, has urged on him: seek to portray the true criminal in Kosovo as NATO, which bombed Mr. Milosevic into submission in 1999.  Markovic has requested a visa to the Netherlands to visit with her husband.  Markovic is on a list of people who are barred from traveling to the Netherlands and other countries by the European Union.

Milosevic's Serbian vision, the tribunal is no more than the political court where the victors seek to justify their actions by branding as a criminal the man who led the state being bombed. Almost all the crimes imputed to Milosevic in the indictment occurred during the NATO bombing.

"As I have said, the aim of this tribunal is to justify the crimes committed in Yugoslavia," . Milosevic declared in his last statement before being cut off by Judge May. "That is why this a false tribunal, and illegitimate." He added, somewhat obscurely, that the court was "illegal, being not appointed by the U.N. General Assembly."  The tribunal was created in 1993 by the Security Council, which obliged all United Nations members to "take any measures necessary under their domestic law to comply with the tribunal."  Moreover,  Milosevic implicitly recognized the tribunal when he signed the 1995 Dayton accords ending the war in Bosnia: the agreement required the signatory states to cooperate with the court, and as a member of the United Nations, Yugoslavia had an obligation to cooperate and hand over  Milosevic, who was spirited out of Belgrade last week.  Serbia was told that there would be no international financial assistance for its rebuilding unless Milosevic was turned over to the international court.  One day after Milosevic was extradited, Serbia was granted over $1.25 billion in international assistance.  


The extradition, spearheaded by Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Djindjic, triggered a crisis in the Yugoslav government. Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica and other Serb pro-democracy leaders held talks Monday about the composition of a reshuffled Yugoslav Cabinet, following the resignation last week of the Yugoslav prime minister, Zoran Zizic, over the extradition.   Demonstrations of Milosevic loyalists in Belgrade drew approximately 2000 people, a far cry from demonstrations that Milosevic called while he was in power.

"The aspiration of the world after World War II was for some form of universal jurisdiction for a limited number of crimes, including genocide," said Owen Fiss, a professor of law at Yale. "But it is only in the decade of the 1990's that this aspiration has been given some substance, and Mr. Milosevic's trial is the culmination."

The corollary is the erosion of national sovereignty, a development that Mr. Fiss called "the most significant phenomenon of the end of the 20th century." But many countries — including the United States, which has declined to ratify a treaty setting up a permanent international criminal court — have reservations about this trend, according to the New York Times.  Milosevic's defense will argue that the extension of "international law" in fact equals the bending of that law and its application across the world to suit the political and strategic designs of the dominant powers, particularly the United States.

Beyond questions of jurisdiction, a focus of the trial appears likely to be whether Milosevic, as president of Yugoslavia, exercised an effective command function over the forces rampaging through Kosovo. Statutes of the court imbue "superiors," including heads of government, with criminal responsibility if they "knew or had reason to know that the subordinate was about to commit such acts, or had done so and the superior failed to take the necessary and reasonable measures to prevent such acts, or to punish the perpetrators thereof, " according to the Times.

The acts in question include murder, deportation, extermination, torture and rape. Mrs. Del Ponte will have to convince the court that Mr. Milosevic "knew or had reason to know" about such occurrences. If convicted, Mr. Milosevic faces life imprisonment.  The international court cannot impose a death penalty.  After the arraignment, the chief prosecutor met with Milosevic for about 45 minutes. Their exchange, the first between them, was described as "correct" by two court officials who declined to give further details.  The next hearing for Milosevic will be Aug. 27 to assess what progress has been made in the preparation for a trial.

Milosevic, who was brought to the tribunal building shortly after 7 a.m., three hours before the arraignment began to avoid his being seen by the press, returned later to the Scheveningen detention center, where he is being held in solitary confinement behind high red-brick walls.  


The last time before these proceedings that he made such a public and closely watched appearance in the West was when he was praised in Dayton, Ohio, and then at a signing ceremony in Paris in 1995, as the man with the power to deliver peace to the Balkans. At the time he seemed invincible, primarily because Western governments were determined not to view him as a criminal.

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Los Angeles Airport Intended Target, Says Millennium Terrorism Plot Defendant 7/4


Ahmed Ressam

Ahmed Ressam, an Algerian man who was arrested in December 1999 as he tried to bring explosives into the United States across the border from British Columbia, told a federal jury today that he and his accomplices had planned to bomb Los Angeles International Airport on New Year's Eve 2000.

After being silent for 18 months, Ressam disclosed publicly for the first time that LAX was the target of the plot that triggered a nationwide FBI crackdown and widespread fear of terrorism during millennium celebrations.  The millennium celebration at Seattle's Space Needle was cancelled in the wake of Ressam's arrest. 


Dressed in a black prison uniform, Ressam, 33, testified for more than two hours in U.S. District Court in lower Manhattan. He said he had received explosives training in Afghanistan and was following an Islamic fatwa, or religious decree, to kill Americans.

Although he purchased a tourist map and circled three targets, he said, he had planned to bomb just one.  Which one, a prosecutor asked.  "An airport in America," Ressam replied. "In Los Angeles."  Asked why he had targeted the United States for the new millennium, Ressam shrugged.  "If one was to carry out an operation," he said, "it would be best to hit the biggest enemy."

Ressam was arrested by alert border agents on Dec. 14, 1999, as he crossed by ferry from British Columbia  into Port Angeles, Wash., driving a rental car filled with homemade explosives and timers.  He pled guilty in April, 2001,  and agreed to cooperate with prosecutors in exchange for a lighter sentence. He began testifying against another accused conspirator, Mokhtar Haouari, a fellow Algerian émigré who had a trinket shop in Montreal.

Prosecutors maintain that Haouari directed a third conspirator, Abdel Ghani Meskini, to deliver a packet of money and forged visas to Ressam. After the bombing, Ressam planned to use the documents to return to Algeria.  Meskini pleaded guilty in March to charges of conspiring to commit a terrorist act. He too is cooperating with the government and has testified against Haouari in exchange for a lighter sentence.

Prosecutors have attempted to link the millennium bombing plot to Osama bin Laden, the exiled Saudi millionaire who allegedly runs terrorist camps in Afghanistan and has issued a fatwa calling for the murder of Americans. District Court Judge John F. Keenan has so far has refused to allow any mention of bin Laden to come into the trial, apparently because the inflammatory nature of bin Laden's activities could taint  the jury,  Bin Laden is not a defendant in the case.  Neither Ressam nor Assistant U.S. Atty. Joseph F. Bianco ever mentioned bin Laden by name. But Ressam said a man he knew only by the alias Abu Zubeida personally approved him for training in a bin Laden jihad camp in early 1998, paid his expenses, and then, on Ressam's way to Canada to begin carrying out the plot, asked him for something in return. 

"He asked me to send him some passports, some original passports . . . that he can use to give to other people who had come [to the camps] to carry out operations in U.S.," Ressam said of Zubeida. According to the Los Angeles Times,  Zubeida gave Ressam specific names to put on the passports, Ressam testified, ostensibly so the men could enter Canada and then slip across the border into the United States. Ressam's testimony offered the jurors a rare glimpse into the murky underworld of global Islamic terrorism from one of its own participants. 


In Washington, a senior intelligence official said in an interview that the testimony confirmed the worst fears of the counter-terrorism community. "We've suspected for some time that Al Qaeda (Bin Laden's terrorist organization) has tried to establish cells in the United States," said the official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity. "This confirms theories about how they go about their operational planning and that they are trying to establish a presence inside the U.S."  U.S. and European intelligence officials have designated Zubeida as one of Bin Laden's top lieutenants, a man who in recent years decided which Islamic militants should be allowed into the jihad training camps and for what purpose. Ressam did not testify whether he discussed his specific plans to bomb LAX during what he said were his many conversations with Zubeida. 

Ressam, who faces a sentencing range of 27 to 130 years in prison, described a long education in the terrorist schools of Afghanistan. He came to his "calling," as he described it, along a familiar path. He was a high school graduate in Algeria, a man  who worked in Corsican vineyards and later relocated to Montreal, where he survived on welfare and theft.  He said he found direction in a fundamentalist brand of Islam.  In March 1998 Ressam left for training in bin Laden's camps in the mountains of Afghanistan. On direct examination, Ressam told the court what he learned.

"I received training in guns," he said.  "The large ones," in response to questions from the prosecutor.  Ressam said he classes in rocket launching, urban warfare, assassination and sabotage training. The latter class focused on how "to blow up the infrastructure of a country," he said.  The prosecutor wanted Ressam to provide examples. Did he learn to attack airports, the prosecutor asked.  Ressam nodded nonchalantly and listed his training in sabotage.: "Airports. Power plants. Large corporations."   Ressam said that targets included electrical power grids, airports, railroads, large corporations, hotels and military installations during millennium assaults, as well as assassinations of political figures.

At night the men split into cells of five or so, grouped by nationality. They talked of eRessam spent six months at Khalden learning sabotage, urban warfare, explosives and other terrorist tactics along with fighters from Jordan, Algeria, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Germany, France, Turkey, Chechnya and Sweden. 


The men were split into cells based on nationality and fired weapons and detonated explosives bought from the Taliban, the ruling party in Afghanistan that refuses to extradite Bin Laden to the U.S. on charges of orchestrating the embassy bombings, which killed 224 people. 

Out of about 100 men at the camp, 30 were Algerian, and they were separated into smaller groups to fight in Europe, North America and elsewhere. Ressam's band of six men was told to return to Canada and rob a bunch of banks to raise money "to carry out an operation in America . . . an airport" before the millennium. 

Other groups were planning similar terrorist attacks in Europe, the Persian Gulf and elsewhere against the U.S and Israel. xporting their war. Ressam said his cell agreed to meet in Canada, where they would rob banks to raise the money needed to "carry out an operation in America."  

Ressam then went for six weeks of advanced explosives training at a second camp, Toronta, and returned to Canada with $12,000 from a camp leader named Al Montaz and orders to use the money to set up an apartment for his fellow conspirators and to buy weapons. The other five men, who went by the aliases Abu Ahmed, Hakim, Mustapha, Karim and the cell leader, Fodail, never made it to Canada. So Ressam turned to Haouari and Meskini, he said, for help. 


On Tuesday, law enforcement and intelligence sources confirmed that they are seeking to question the five men Ressam named as his conspirators in the LAX plot. They are acting on other information provided by Ressam, who testified that he also gave up the names of camp "leaders and trainers" and many other attendees. 

Ressam said he tried, unsuccessfully, to get the Canadian passports to Zubeida, and that he never found out what happened to the men. "Did they ever get to the United States?" Bianco asked. "I do not know," Ressam replied. 

After Ressam completed his training, Ressam went to Canada. But some fellow cell members could not obtain forged papers and could not leave Europe, he said. As the months passed, he realized that his planned terrorist campaign would center on just one target.  "I started to think, how am I going to carry out this operation," Ressam said. "By myself, I could not do multiple targets."

Haouari has pleaded not guilty, saying through his lawyer that he has engaged in many acts of small thievery, including some with Ressam. But he has said he never knowingly aided Ressam in a terrorist plot. 


Ressam appeared to contradict that, but not completely. He went on at length about how Haouari engaged in credit card fraud and in the trafficking of false passports and other documents. 


He also testified that Haouari knowingly helped him engage in an act of terrorism, providing him with $3,000 in Canadian dollars and a fake Canadian license so he could sneak across the border. Haouari also sent a third man from New York to Seattle to provide Ressam with additional cash, a ride wherever he wanted and translation, since he speaks little English, said Ressam, who testified with the aid of an Arabic translator. 
Ressam also said he spoke to Haouari about life in the jihad camps upon his return from Afghanistan in the spring of 1999. Camp life wasn't easy, he recalled telling Haouari, 32, but it was worth it for a young Algerian who had expressed an interest in joining the cause of Islamic militancy. 


"You will have some difficulty at the beginning but then you get used to it," Ressam recalled saying. "You learn a lot of military things, like explosives, weapons." 
He testified that Haouari said he wanted to go too. 

Ressam also acknowledged that he never told Haouari or another alleged co-conspirator, Abdelghani Meskini, of his specific plans to place a suitcase bomb in a crowded terminal at LAX, because he was taught in the camps to never disclose the whole plot to co-conspirators under his command in order to guarantee its secrecy.  testified that at about this time Haouari offered to send a friend, Meskini, to help out. "I told him [Haouari] I am not going to America for tourism," Ressam said. "I am going for some very important and dangerous business. I explained it was a shtah."

A shtah, he explained, is an Algerian term for dancing out of danger and fear.

A short while later, Ressam said, he purchased the tourist map and circled three airports in the Los Angeles area. Prosecutors showed the map to the jurors.

Ressam said he selected Los Angeles International Airport because he had landed there once when he returned from Afghanistan. He planned to load a suitcase with explosives made of fertilizer and nitric acid and leave it in the airport.

Was he aware, the prosecutor asked, that many people would die? Ressam looked directly at the prosecutor. "Yes. I would have tried to avoid that as much as possible."

But, the prosecutor continued to question,, you knew many would die?  Ressam nodded again. "Yes."


During Ressam's testimony, Haouari occasionally fidgeted but remained quiet. Last week, in the first few days of the trial, he swore at prosecutor Bianco and, on another day, punched himself unconscious, delaying the trial for a few hours. He faces up to 85 years in prison if convicted on all seven felony counts. 

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Man Gets Life for Racial Killing in Wichita Falls, Texas 7/4

A man who killed a stranger because the other man was black was sentenced Tuesday to life in prison. 

John Turnbow, 28, was convicted last month of shooting Zacchaeus Field to death in October 1998. Turnbow, who once admitted he belonged to a white supremacist group, the Aryan Brotherhood, a prison gang, but later recanted, shot Field as he was walking down the street. 

Prosecutors said Turnbow was with Roger Neal Bridges at the time, and that Bridges was upset his ex-wife had been dating Tommy Young, a black man. Authorities said Turnbow and Bridges were looking for Young but shot Field instead. 

Defense attorney Marty Cannedy said Turnbow went after Field because of a personal grudge, not because of his race.  ``If Tommy Young was white, they would have been looking for someone who was white,'' Cannedy said.   Bridges, 40, awaits trial and has maintained his innocence. 

The judge agreed with prosecutors who had recommended the maximum penalty of life in prison for Turnbow under Texas' hate-crime law, which was passed in May. ``Because of the offense, killing someone because of the color of his skin, the senseless nature of it, we felt that deserves life in prison,'' said Rick Mahler, assistant district attorney. ``I'm happy for the Field family.'' 


Turnbow's first trial for the murder charge ended in a hung jury in March 2000. Field's relatives blamed the trial's outcome on the racial makeup of the jury, which was all white. There were no black jurors in the second trial either, although some were Hispanic. 

In a jail interview shortly before his trial, Turnbow said one of his hobbies is writing to churches, and he said a letter to the "Church of Jesus Christ Christian" came back with an Aryan Nations letterhead. This church is a Christian Identity church located in Sandpoint, Idaho.  Its pastor is Richard Butler, also the leader of the now defunct Aryan Nations.  Turnbow said the form required him to acknowledge any affiliation, even if there was just correspondence, Turnbow told the Wichita Falls Times Record News.  

Turnbow had filed a federal lawsuit pro se, naming prosecutor Rick Mahler and his own attorney, Marty Cannedy.  Prior to his trial, Turnbow has pored through testimony from his first trial, highlighting what he called inconsistencies in the witnesses' statements. He flipped through the pages, pointing to numerous examples of where he said Wichita County Assistant District Attorney Rick Mahler had influenced testimony.

The federal lawsuit, filed in March, 2001, lays out Turnbow's grudge against Mahler. It alleges the prosecutor